Name a common pathogen that seed treatments aim to control.

Seed treatments are designed to protect plants from various pathogens that can negatively impact germination and early growth. Fusarium spp. is a common fungal pathogen responsible for causing seed rot, damping-off, and root diseases in a variety of crops. These fungi can produce harmful toxins and can survive in soil and plant debris, making them a significant threat to seed health and plant establishment.

The control of Fusarium spp. through seed treatment is essential because infected seeds can lead to poor germination rates, stunted growth, and yield losses. Applying fungicides or biological treatments to seeds can enhance their health and vigor, ensuring a more successful planting and crop productivity.

Other options, while they represent important biological entities, do not typically fall under the category of pathogens targeted by seed treatments. Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are primarily associated with foodborne illnesses and infections in humans and animals, rather than with seeds or plants. Rhizobium spp. are beneficial bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legumes, aiding in nitrogen fixation rather than causing disease. Therefore, Fusarium spp. stands out as a pathogen that seed treatments specifically aim to control for improved crop establishment and health.