What pathogen is known to cause foot rot in dryland wheat areas?

The pathogen known to cause foot rot in dryland wheat areas is Rhizoctonia. This fungus thrives in soil and is particularly problematic in conditions that favor moisture retention and low fertility. Rhizoctonia solani specifically is notorious for its ability to cause various diseases in crops, including the damping-off syndrome in young plants and foot rot in established ones.

In dryland wheat production systems, the incidence of foot rot can be linked to several factors such as soil type, moisture levels, and crop management practices. The disease typically manifests as a root and crown rot leading to stunted growth and eventual plant death, which can significantly impact yield. Proper management practices, including crop rotation and appropriate tillage, help manage the risk of Rhizoctonia infections.

The other pathogens listed, while they can cause issues in crops, are not specifically associated with foot rot in dryland wheat. For example, Fusarium is generally known for causing root rot and other diseases in various crops but is less commonly linked to foot rot in wheat. Bipolaris is primarily recognized for leaf blight and not typically associated with foot rot. Phytophthora is more commonly notorious for causing rot in certain crops, particularly in wetter environments, rather than in dryland wheat